Introduction.
How do we calculate the difference in time in Hours, Minutes, and Seconds between two time periods? The time period can be on the same date or across dates.
Example-1:
Start Time: 21-03-2012 12:30:45
End Time: 21-03-2012 13:30:15
Example-2:
Start Time: 21-03-2012 12:30:45
End Time: 24-03-2012 15:15:15
In the first example, the date values in the Start Time and End Time look like it is not important, because both are the same, to calculate the time difference between them. We can subtract the Start Time value of 12:30:45 from the End Time value of 13:30:15 and will get the result of 00:59:30. But, if the end time is 01:30:15 past midnight, then how do we calculate the time difference?
00:00:00 Time.
But first, how the time changes to zero after 23:59:59 Hrs at night and how this value is held in the computer’s memory. With this basic knowledge working with the date and time values becomes very easy.
Everybody knows that a day equals 24 hours, 1 hour equals 60 Minutes, 1 Minute equals 60 Seconds, and further if we go to a smaller denomination 1-second equals 100 milliseconds. If you would like to find out how February gets 29 days (everybody knows about it) but why every 100th Year (like 1700, 1800,1900 or 2100) is not a Leap Year, how every 400th Year becomes Leap Year and why every 4000th year is not Leap Year, Click here to find out!
One Day in Seconds.
So, keeping aside the milliseconds part 1 Day = 86400 Seconds (24 x 60 x 60). In other words 1 Second = 1/86400 = 0.0000115740740741 Days. Exactly 1 second after midnight the computer’s internal time value will be 0.0000115740740741 and this value keeps adding to the time value at every second interval. This value can be divided by 100 to get the value equal to 1 millisecond and we could say that value is added to the time value at every millisecond interval. At 12:00 Noon the internal time value is 0.5 (half a day) and at 23:59:59 the internal time value will be 0.999988425926 (in days). Again this will reset to 0 at 12:00:00 midnight.
Date and Time Together.
To find out the time difference between time values spread across different dates the date value also should go along with the time value as shown in Example-2 above. The date value is also mapped in the computer’s memory as a continuous number starting 1 from 31-12-1899. If you create a Date/Time field in your Table having 0 as the default value then you will find the date appearing in that field as 30-12-1899, if not filled in with a date.
Date and Time Number.
The date 21-03-2012 equals the date number 40989 and the Start Time (Example-2) in memory will be 40989.521354166700, the number after the decimal point is the time value. Since the Date and Time values held in memory are real numbers it is easy to find out the difference between them. All you have to do is to subtract one number from another. This works with Date/Time Values on the same day or on different dates.
Let us find out the time difference between the date and time values in Example-2:
StartTime = #21-03-2012 12:30:45# = 40989.521354166700
This is the kind of value (Current Date and Time) returned with the function Now(). You can format this value as date alone (dd-mm-yyyy) or time alone (hh:nn:ss) or both combined - format(now(),”dd-mm-yyyy hh:nn:ss”).
Use ? format(StartTime,”0.000000000000”) to display the Date/Time value as a real number from StartTime Variable in the Debug Window.
EndTime = #24-03-2012 15:15:15# = 40992.635590277800
Difference = (EndTime - StartTime) = 3.114236111112 days
So, the result value we get in days doesn’t matter if the date is the same or different dates. If the date is the same you will get the result in days something like 0.9999999. All we have to do is to convert these days into Hours, Minutes, and Seconds.
Total_Seconds = Difference x 86400 (difference in days converted into total seconds) = 269070.000000077 Seconds
Hours = Int(Total_Seconds / 3600) = 74 Hrs.
Minutes = int((Total_Second MOD 3600)/60) = 44 Min.
Seconds = Total_Seconds MOD 60 = 30 sec.
If we assemble all this information into the form of a small function we can easily find the time difference in Hours, Minutes, and Seconds by using the Start & End Date/Time Values in the Function as parameters.
The Hours/Minutes Function.
Copy and paste the following Function Code into the Standard Module and save it:
Public Function HrsMin(ByVal startDate As Date, ByVal endDate As Date) As String Dim diff As Double Dim difHrs As Integer Dim difMin As Integer Dim difSec As Integer diff = (endDate - startDate) * 86400 difHrs = Int(diff / 3600) difMin = Int((diff Mod 3600) / 60) difSec = (diff Mod 60) HrsMin = Format(difHrs, "00") & ":" & Format(difMin, "00") & ":" & Format(difSec, "00") End Function
You may call the Function HrsMin() directly from the Debug Window, as shown below, to test the code:
? HrsMin(#21-03-2012 12:30:45#,#24-03-2012 15:15:15#)Result: 74:44:30
You may call the function from a Textbox in the Form like:
= HrsMin([StartDate],[EndDate])
Or from the Query Column like:
HMS:HrsMin([StartDate],[EndDate])
Or you may run it from VBA Code:
strHMS = HrsMin(dtSDate,dtEDate)
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